- asserts a clear position to develop throughout the essay - can contain specific evidence or reasons - does not equivocate (argue for both sides equally) checklist: can i prove it with specific evidence and commentary? does it assert a clear position? does it clearly answer the prompt? - turn it into a question stronger essay = stronger thesis writing complex claim - avoid absolutes - set parameter - include a combination of clauses - interrupting sentence structure evidence based- give "categories" not specifics reason based- not giving specific example, and gives more opened - reasoning before the evidence can help students have a deeper understanding of the topic counterargument- Although (counterargument), (argument claim). Therefore, (solidify position)