5.1 What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them? = strict scrutiny- used with discrimination of racial ethnic or religious groups immediate scrutiny- used with discrimination on basis of sex or gender affirmative action- government programs and policies designed to benefit members historically subject to discrimination 5.2 The African American Struggle for Equality = fourteenth amendment- equal protection fifteenth- people could not be denies the right to vote based on race or color or previous servitude disenfranchisement- the revocation of voting rights Brown v. Board of Education overturned Plessy v. Ferguson de jure segregation- segregation mandated by law civil disobedience- the refusal to follow an unjust law 5.3 The Fight for Women’s Rights = coverture- womens suffarage moment National Organization for Women Title IX- prohibits schools with federal funding from providing things with more money for man than women 5.4 Civil Rights for Indigenous Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians = notable people: Sarah Winnemucca (spoke to white audiences about the injustices), Charles Eastman AIM- American Indian Movement Pine Ridge Reservation- site of a standoff between the Lakota tribe and the FBI 5.5 Equal Protection for Other Groups = **Latinos**- came in with Texas, Puerto Rico great depression caused many to be deported to get white people jobs, mexican children were not allowed to go to white schools important people- Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta- they fought for the rights of agricultural workers through UFW **Asian American** submitted to some of the same laws enforcing segregation and forbidding interracial marriage Executive Order 9066- Japanese americans could be removed from their homes if thought to be unloyal to the country not as active anymore **LGBT** Stonewall Riots called not only for equality and rights, but liberation "Don't ask, don't tell" US military policy Lawerence v. Texas- state laws that criminalized sexual intercourse between consenting adults of the same sex were unconstitutional Obergefell v. Hodges- made same sex marriage legal throughout the nation **People with Disabilities** sterilization of people with disabilities Rehabilitation Act- made it illegal to discriminate against people with disabilities in federal employment or in programs run by federal agencies or receiving federal funding Handicapped Children Act of 1975- required public schools to educate children with disabilities Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)- passed in 1990 - prohibits discrimination in employment based on disability, and requires employers to make accommodations for those that need them **Religious Minorities** Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964- prevents employment discrimination based on religion and and requires employers to make reasonable accommodations for them to participate religious