15.1 Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration =  bureaucracy- administrative group of non-elected officials charged with carrying out functions connected to a series of policies and programs  public administration- the study and practice of managing public programs and policies to benefit society  growth of the modern bureaucracy was based on two things:  - spoils system- political appointments were transformed into political patronage doled out by the president on the basis of party loyalty & political patronage- use of state resources to reward individuals for political support  - industrialization where the economic and population size of the US grew Pendleton Act- civil service reform act of 1883 - regulated civil service officers and the selection of them Woodrow Wilson - advocated for separation of politics from administration in 3 ways: making comparative analyses, improving efficiency with business like practices, and increasing effectiveness through management and training great depression- with FDR as president, he realized how the government could help, so the bureaucracy grew Lyndon B. Johnson - his idea of the great society: power of the government to relieve suffering and accomplish common good -> government ability, created many new organizations 15.2 Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service = Pendleton Act- established foundation for a merit based system Civil Service Commission- CSC- helped to ensure that the civil service was merit based and well rounded pay schedule- a chart that shows salary ranges for different levels of positions vertically and for different tasks 15.3 Understanding Bureaucracies and Their Types = models of bureaucracy: Weberian model - ideal type of bureaucracy is a political, hierarchically organized, and governed by formal procedures Acquisitive model- proposes that bureaucracies are naturally competitive and power hungry- leaders will do things to help their agency even at the expense of others Monopolistic model- a theory that they operate like monopolies, with no incentive to improve efficiency because they lack competition ![[Screenshot 2024-10-29 at 2.07.38 PM.png]] Independent Executive Agencies and Regulatory Agencies- report directly to the president but assigned more focused tasks and not subject to the regulatory authority of any specific department Government corporations- agencies formed by the government to administer a quasi-business enterprise- services they provide are partly subject to market forces, generate enough revenue to be self sustained, but fulfill a purpose important to the government red tape- name for the procedures and rules that must be followed to get things done 15.4 Controlling the Bureaucracy = negotiated rule-making-  process in which representatives from a federal agency and affected interest groups negotiate the terms of a proposed administrative rule. The goal is to reach a consensus on the rule's text. privatization- change in a government organization to make it private Divestiture, or full privatization- occurs when government services are transferred into a private, market based sector whistleblowers- a person who publicizes misdeeds committed within a bureaucracy or other organization